• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a calibration method of a system (10) which detects the presence of a pollutant component in exhaust gas (14). The measuring cell of a probe (20) can be isolated either by the movement of the entire probe or shield of the exhaust gas probe to allow a reference gas to be detected by a laser beam in the mean infrared in the measuring cell to calibrate the system. In another example, a laser source is placed on one side of an exhaust passage and a detector is placed on the other side. A reference cell is provided and is used to receive reference gas and calibrate the system. In yet another example, the exhaust gas is removed from the passage and is measured in a reference cell. The reference cell is also filled with reference gas when it is desired to calibrate the system.
    公开号:CH702326B1
    申请号:CH02050/10
    申请日:2010-12-08
    公开日:2016-04-29
    发明作者:Wang Yu；H Eberhardt William；W Holt Mark；W Janawitz Jamison
    申请人:Babcock & Wilcox Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present application generally refers to systems for detecting the presence of a pollutant component in exhaust gases and specifically relates to the use of a laser.
    Sources of emissions produce exhaust gases that may contain one or more pollutants. Under certain circumstances, it may be advantageous to control the released pollutant in the environment. In order to control pollutants, the amount of pollutant contained in exhaust gases is monitored.
    In general, the conditions inside or near an exhaust passage can be harmful and / or severe. For example, high temperatures may be present. As another example, corrosive agents may be present in the exhaust gas.
    According to one aspect, the present invention provides a method of calibrating a system that detects the presence of a pollutant component in exhaust gas within an exhaust passage. The system comprises a probe with a measuring cell for in-situ measurement of the exhaust gas, the sensor operating to detect the pollutant component of the exhaust gas. The probe includes a laser that emits a beam in the mid-infrared spectrum. The system further comprises a detector. A method step includes isolating the measurement cell from the exhaust gas probe from the exhaust passage and providing a source of a reference gas that is transported to the measurement cell. Another step of the method is to operate the laser of the probe with the beam directed to the measuring cell which includes the reference gas, so that the beam interacts with the reference gas. The method further provides for the detector to receive at least one component of the laser beam as a result of the interaction of the beam with the reference gas and to determine a precision and calibration of the system from one or more constituents of the reference gas.
    In another aspect, the invention provides a calibration method of a system that detects the presence of a pollutant component of an exhaust gas in an exhaust passage without removing the exhaust gas. of the system. The system includes a laser that emits a beam in the mid-range of the infrared from a first side of the exhaust passage and a first detector on a second side of the exhaust passage to receive the beam during a measure of the presence of a pollutant component in the exhaust gas. One step of the method includes filling a closed coupled reference cell disposed on the first side of the exhaust passage with a reference gas during a system calibration. The laser source is activated to interact the laser beam with the reference gas during system calibration. The method further enables the accuracy and calibration of the system to be determined from one or more laser constituents of the reference gas.
    In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of calibrating a system that detects the presence of a pollutant component of an exhaust gas in an exhaust passage in which the exhaust passage comprises an extracting portion of the exhaust gas. The system includes a closed-coupled reference cell for measuring the presence of the pollutant component in the exhaust gas, said closed-coupled reference cell being located on a first side of the exhaust passage, a laser that emits a beam into the exhaust passage. the mid-range of the infrared from a first portion of the closed-coupled reference cell and a detector on a second portion of the closed-coupled reference cell for receiving the laser beam. The method includes transporting the exhaust gas from the extraction portion to the closed-coupled reference cell. The method also provides for filling the closed coupled reference cell with a reference gas to calibrate the system. The method further includes turning on the laser to interact with the reference gas, receiving at the detector in the closed-coupled reference cell of the laser beam following the interaction of the beam with the reference gas, and the determination of the accuracy and calibration of the system from one or more constituents of the reference gas.
    The above and other aspects of the present application will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present application relates, on reading the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:<tb> fig. 1 <SEP> is a schematic representation of an exemplary system associated with an exhaust passage, with the system using a method according to the invention;<tb> fig. 2 <SEP> is a schematic representation of a probe of the exemplary system shown in FIG. 1 and with a portion of the probe moved to allow access to the interior of the passage and portions of the probe therein to maintain or adjust the equipment;<tb> fig. 3 <SEP> is a schematic representation of a system for measuring a pollutant component of an exhaust gas and configured to perform a calibration of the system in which a probe is in a position of measuring and detecting pollution in the exhaust gas;<tb> fig. 4 <SEP> is a schematic representation of the system of FIG. 3 with the probe in a position where a measuring cell is isolated from the exhaust gas to allow calibration of the system to occur;<tb> fig. 5 <SEP> is a schematic representation of a system for measuring a pollutant component of an exhaust gas and configured to perform a calibration of the system in which a probe comprises an inner shield and where the inner shield is in a position to measure and detect pollution in the exhaust;<tb> fig. 6 <SEP> is a schematic representation of the system of FIG. 5 with the inner shield being placed in a position that isolates a measuring cell from the exhaust gas probe to allow calibration of the system to occur;<tb> fig. 7 <SEP> is an illustration of an example of a reference gas source;<tb> fig. 8 <SEP> is a schematic representation of a system for measuring a pollutant component of an exhaust gas through an exhaust passage using a laser source on one side of the exhaust passage and a detector on a second side of the exhaust passage;<tb> fig. 9 <SEP> is a schematic representation of the system of FIG. 8 showing a calibration of the system where the detector receives a calibration measurement from a reference cell which detects reference gas;<tb> fig. <SEP> is a schematic representation of the system of FIG. 8 showing an alternative system calibration where the detector receives a calibration measurement of a second detector in a reference cell which detects reference gas; and<tb> fig. 11 <SEP> is a schematic illustration of a system for measuring a pollutant component of an exhaust gas through an exhaust passage which exhausts the exhaust gases on one side of the exhaust passage and uses a reference cell to detect pollution in the exhaust gas and to calibrate the system in which reference gas can be transported to the reference cell.
    [0008] Embodiments which incorporate one or more aspects of the present invention that are the subject of this application are described and illustrated in the drawings. These illustrated examples are not intended to be construed as limiting the present application. For example, one or more aspects of the present application may be used in other embodiments and even in other types of devices. In addition, some terms are used here for convenience only and should not be construed as a limitation of this application. In addition, in the drawings, the same reference numbers are used to designate the same elements.
    [0009] With reference to the example illustrated in FIG. 1, an example of a system 10 in accordance with at least one aspect of the invention is shown. The system 10 is shown in association with an exhaust passage 12. In the illustrated example, the exhaust passage 12 comprises a conduit or an exhaust stack 12A (only partially shown and schematized). It should be noted that the exhaust passage 12 may comprise one or more components and / or structures that direct the exhaust. These components and / or structures may include portions of a combustion chamber, such as a boiler combustion chamber, and / or components / structures that are located between the combustion chamber and the chimney 12A. In addition, the exhaust passage may include a portion for extraction. These components / structures, including a possible portion for the extraction, are collectively and individually, represented by the exhaust passage 12, the term "exhaust passage" collectively or individually referring to the components / structures, including the possible portion for extraction.
    With reference to the example shown, the exhaust passage 12 is associated with an industry. The industry concerned may be any of a wide variety of industries, such as those relating to manufacturing processes or the like.The industry causes an exhaust gas creation 14 (schematically represented by an arrow in the exhaust passage 12) which moves along (for example, in the example shown) of the exhaust passage. As will be understood, the conditions in the exhaust passage 12 may be unfavorable. Examples of adverse conditions include excessive heat and / or corrosivity.
    It is possible that one or more pollutants 16 (shown schematically as only a point in the gases 14) are present in the exhaust gas. Some possible examples of pollutants are NO, NO2, CO, CO2, SO2, NH3, H2S, and CH4. Of course, such a list of examples should not be interpreted restrictively. In addition, it is possible for some exhaust gas treatments to occur along the exhaust passage 12. Such treatment may take place before the exhaust gases enter the exhaust stack 12A of the passage 12, while the gases move along the chimney and / or at or near the exhaust stack. Examples of such treatment include filtering, cleaning, and after burning the burner. The reason for such an exhaust gas treatment may be to limit the amount of pollutant (s) 16 that has eventually passed to the environment through the exhaust passage 12.
    In the system 10, the presence of a pollutant component in the exhaust gas is indicative that at least one pollutant 16 is detected. It should be noted that the detection must be interpreted broadly to include simple detection regardless of quantity and / or quantity detection by any comparative measure. Examples of comparative measurements include the percentage of the overall composition of the exhaust gas, the presence of a measured amount above a threshold, etc. Of course, the detection can simply consist in the determination of a presence.
    With reference to the illustrated example, the system 10 comprises a probe 20 which is on the exhaust passage 12 (for example, in-situ in the chimney of the passage, but only as an example), a probe controller 22 which is operably connected to the probe, and a programmable logic controller 26 with an operator interface terminal 28 which is operably connected to the probe controller. The probe controller 22 is located relatively close to the probe or exhaust passage or alternatively to a remote location (such as, for example, a control room or suitable shelter). In addition, the programmable logic controller 26 is located at a suitable location. Examples of such suitable locations are a control room or other remote location, which is schematically represented by the dotted dividing line within FIG. 1. Of course, these identified portions of the illustrated example are shown schematically and those skilled in the art will understand that these portions may vary in their construction and / or configuration while remaining within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the content of the system 10 can be modified to include other portions.
    Focusing first on the probe 20 and on its positioning, the attention is directed to FIG. 2. An opening 36 penetrates through a wall 38 (shown schematically by a line) of the exhaust passage 12 from outside the passageway into the passageway. The probe 20 has a guideway portion 40 that extends through the wall 38 and into the interior of the exhaust passage 12. If the exhaust passage includes a portion for the extraction, the probe 20 and the associated wall 38 are configured in connection with the extraction as a part of the exhaust passage 12. The portion of the guideway 40 may be composed of any suitable construction and composition (eg, a tube) to guide and / or or blocking the laser light according to certain characteristics of the laser light used in the probe 20. For example, the guideway portion 40 may comprise a material which is a suitable medium for the transmission of the laser light. It should be noted that at least a portion of the portion of the guideway 40 of the probe 20 has a direct exposure to the exhaust gas. Thus, it should be noted that at least a part of the portion of the guideway 40 is subjected to unfavorable conditions inside the exhaust passage 12. In one example, all or part of the probe 20 is shielded to limit the fouling of the particles. In particular, it is envisaged to shield a cavity of the measuring cell, thereby reducing maintenance and facilitating long periods of operation of the instrument between cleanings. A fixed shield 42 may be provided to isolate the measuring cell or the exhaust gas detection device 48.
    In the illustrated example, a schematic representation of the interaction between the exhaust gas 14 and the laser light is represented in the measurement cell 44 in an area A. It should be noted that the interaction between that is, between the exhaust gas and the laser light) can lead to absorption and / or transmission and / or specific reflection. For example, the absorption may be associated with the interaction with the gaseous content of the exhaust gas. As another example, the reflection may be associated with particles transported in the exhaust gas.
    [0016] A laser source 46 is present in another portion of the probe 20. The laser source 46 generates and emits laser light. It should be noted that a certain amount of processing capacity may be integrated and / or associated in proximity to the laser source. As indicated above, the laser light is directed inward of the exhaust passage 12. In one aspect, the laser source 46 is a quantum cascade laser (QCL). Such an LCQ laser is used to operate in the range of the mean infrared (average IR). An example of the mid-infrared range in which the laser source 46 operates is in the frequency range of 4000 to 650 cm -1. The laser source 46 can be used in continuous mode or in pulsed mode. It should be noted that the use of the LCQ laser occurs in or near at least one undesirable condition associated with the exhaust passage 12. For example, the laser source 46 may be subjected to undesirable heat levels. However, it is contemplated as an aspect of the present invention that the laser source 46 may be used without any external cooling, such as a cryogenic cooling device.
    A detection arrangement 48 is present in another portion of the probe 20. It should be noted that a certain amount of the processing capacity can be integrated and / or associated in the vicinity of the detection device 48. The device detection circuit 48 is intended to detect the interaction of the laser light with the exhaust gas 14. In a particular embodiment, the role of the detection device 48 is to detect the interaction with at least one pollutant 16 in the exhaust gases. 'exhaust. In the illustrated example, the detection device 48 is provided for the spectrometric measurement in the mid-infrared range. Thus, the detection device 48 receives at least one constituent of the laser beam (for example, only certain spectral components) following the interaction of the beam with the gases. It should be noted that the use of sensor sensing arrangement 48 occurs at or near at least one undesirable condition associated with the exhaust passage. For example, the sensing device 48 may be subject to undesirable heat levels.
    In one example, the probe 20 is constructed and / or configured to withstand a certain level of adverse weather conditions. These adverse weather conditions may include rain, snow or other precipitation as well as humidity. In addition, these adverse weather conditions may include extreme temperatures such as extreme heat or cold. In addition, the laser source 46 is able to move (for example, by tilting) to allow access to the portions of the probe 20 located in the exhaust passage 12, as shown in FIG. 2. As an aspect, all or part (for example, the laser source 46) of the probe 20 is a modular system designed to promote easy maintenance or easy replacement. For example, a part, such as an electronic part, can be designed with a movable design (eg, hinge) to allow removal and repair of the electronics without having to remove a connection flange and / or other components of the probe (for example, a tube).
    As indicated, the probe 20 is operably connected to the probe controller 22. The connection 24 may include one or more lines for supplying power to the probe, one of these lines for controlling the operation of the probe. the laser source 46 of the probe (for example, continuous ON control or pulsed ON), and one or more lines for receiving the signal (s) of the detection device 48. The connection 24 may comprise one or several other lines, connections or conduits that extend between the probe 20 and the controller of the probe 22. The connection 24 can be made by cable, optical fiber, and / or wireless. The detection device 48 may also include a slide bar 70 which is configured to open or block gas communication between the portion of the probe 20 within the wall 38 and the portion of the probe outside the wall. wall 38.
    In the example illustrated in FIG. 1 of the probe controller 22, a temperature controller of the probe 52 is provided. The function of the temperature controller of the probe 52 is to ensure the cooling of the probe 20. The cooling may take the form of a transfer of coolant to the probe 20. However, the inclusion of the temperature controller of probe 52 may be optional. In addition, it is also possible that the temperature controller of the probe 52 is not operated.
    Still in the controller 22 of the probe, there is an analysis system 54 operationally connected 56 inside the controller 22 of the probe. The connection 56 can be made by cable, optical fiber, and / or wireless. The signal (s) received (s) of the detection device 48 are provided for the analysis system 54. The analysis of the data contained in the (s) signal (s) received (s) is carried out within of the analysis system 54. In one example, a spectral analysis is performed. Specific spectral content may be present and / or absent. The presence and / or absence of a specific spectral content may be the sign of the presence of a pollutant 16 in the exhaust gas. Thus, the analysis system 54 can determine the presence of the pollutant component in the gases emitted from the data as received by the at least one component of the laser beam. The step of determining the presence of the pollutant component in the emission gases may comprise the determination of a value indicative of the concentration of the component in the emission gases. In order to verify the contents, the analysis system 54 is operatively connected 58 to a gas verification unit 60 of the probe controller 22. The connection 58 may be made by cable, fiber optic, and / or wireless.
    As indicated above, the controller 22 of the probe is operably connected to the programmable logic controller 26 with the operator interface terminal 28. The connection 30 can be made by cable, fiber optic , and / or wireless. The programmable logic controller 26 allows an operator to control the program of the controller 22 of the probe and the system 10 as a whole. In addition, the programmable logic controller 26 may be data relating to an extraction location. The data may include the presence of pollution in the exhaust and may also include data on the operation of the system. In addition alternatively, the controller 22 of the probe and / or the programmable logic controller 26 may be associated with a data path 62 which transmits the data to another location (eg via a network). The data path 62 may be made by cable, optical fiber, and / or wireless.
    An aspect of the probe provides a method of detecting the presence of a pollutant component in the exhaust gas in an exhaust passage 12. The gases propagate along a path of the exhaust passage 12 towards the landfill. The method comprises a step of providing a probe 20 that functions to detect the pollutant component. In a specific example, the probe 20 comprises a laser source 46 which emits a beam in the middle infrared. The probe 20 is placed in the exhaust passage 12 directly in the path of the emission gases that propagate along the exhaust passage. The laser source 46 of the probe 20 is operated with the beam directed towards the portion of the exhaust passage 12 through which the gas propagates on the path to the discharge, such that the beam interacts with the gas and the gas. eventual component that is there. At least one component of the laser beam is received as a result of the interaction of the beam with the gases. The presence of the pollutant component in the emission gases is determined using the reception of at least one component of the laser beam.
    In another aspect, the methodology may include the use of a probe 20 that includes a quantum cascade laser as the laser source 46. The laser source 46 may operate in the mid-infrared range. Thus, the provided laser source can be modified and the laser source can operate in a pulsed mode or in continuous mode.
    In addition, in one example, the probe 20, the components thereof, and / or the entire system 10 may be arranged to be subjected to a calibration function. In a specific example, the probe 20 is calibrated in situ (for example, in the chimney). An in situ audit calibration cell can be used for calibration in a large flow of gas. The audit cell could have a cell with a fixed length filled with a reference gas with a high concentration proportional to the concentration of the gas. The output of the probe and / or the overall system operation could be monitored for the collection of expected data.
    Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 show a first example of system 110 which is used to measure a pollutant component of an exhaust gas 114 and is also configured for system calibration. The exhaust gas 114 may come from any source and may simply be a gas that the user wishes to measure pollution. As shown in fig. 3, this exemplary system 110 comprises providing a probe 120 with a measuring cell 144 for measuring the exhaust gas 114 in which the probe 120 operates to detect the pollutant component 116 of the exhaust gas 114. , the probe 120 comprising a laser source 146 which emits a beam in the mid-infrared range. The next step of the process is to isolate the measuring cell 144 from the probe 120 of the exhaust passage 112. As shown in FIG. 4, a source 180 of a reference gas 182 is supplied and the reference gas 182 is transported to the measuring cell 144. The laser source 146 of the probe 120 is operated with the beam directed to the measuring cell 144 which includes the reference gas 182, such that the beam interacts with the reference gas 182. A detector or detection device 148 is provided to receive at least one constituent of the laser beam as a result of the interaction of the beam with the gas Another step in the exemplary method is to determine a precision and a calibration of the system from the at least one component of the laser beam of the reference gas 182.
    The example of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 shows an in-situ arrangement. In fig. 3 and in fig. 4, the step of isolating the measuring cell 144 from the probe 120 includes moving the measuring cell 144 outside the exhaust passage 112 and into a fixed shield 142 to isolate the measuring cell 144. exhaust gas in which a seal 192 is provided at the end of the measuring cell 144. The seal 192 and the fixed shield 142 are configured to prevent the exhaust gas 114 from entering the cell. measurement 144 during system calibration 110. Probe 120 may be moved manually or by various mechanical or electrically driven mechanisms. An opening near the detecting device 148 penetrates through a wall 138 of the exhaust passage 112 from the outside of the passageway to the interior of the passageway. A sliding bar or other structure may be used to regulate communication between the inside of the probe 120 within the wall 138 and the outside of the probe 120. The probe 120 has a guideway portion 140 which extends through the wall 138 and into the exhaust passage 112. In FIG. 3, the probe 120 is able to evaluate and detect the pollution in the exhaust 114. When the user wishes to calibrate the system, the user moves the probe 120, as in a sliding motion in the fixed shielding 142 or in a sheath to the position of FIG. 4. In the position of fig. 4, the measuring cell 144 is isolated from the exhaust gas 114. The reference gas source 180 can then be used to dispense or transport the reference gas 182 into the probe 120 and into the measuring cell 144. The source The laser 146 may then be activated to emit a laser beam to detect the reference gas 182. The seal 192 may further include a reflective surface 194 or other reflective devices such that the detection arrangement 148 may receive information. of the interaction between the laser either with the exhaust gas or with the reference gas 182 and thus detect the variations of the energy levels of the laser when it interacts either with the exhaust gas 114 or with the reference gas 182.
    The example of FIGS. 5 and 6 shows another in-situ arrangement of the first exemplary system. In this example, an inner shield 196 is provided. The inner shield 196 is configured to be moved in the probe 120 either manually or with the aid of a power source 198. In the illustrated example, the power source may be a pneumatic motor or a powered motor. by other types of energy sources that can also be used. In the position of fig. 5, the inner shield 196 is in the probe and does not interfere with the measuring cell 144 or with the exhaust 114. In this position, the laser source 146 can be used to measure the amount of pollution in the gas exhaust 114, when the exhaust gas 114 flows through the measuring cell 144. In the position of FIG. 6, the inner shield 196 is moved to a second position to isolate the measuring cell 144 from the exhaust 114. The inner shield 196 prevents the exhaust 114 from entering the measuring cell 144. By preventing the gas exhaust 114 to enter the measuring cell 144, a user can then dispense reference gas within the probe 120 which can reach the measuring cell 144. The detection device 148 can then be used to calibrate the system 110 based on readings from a laser beam when it interacts with reference gas 182.
    The examples presented in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 may also include the hinge 49 shown in FIG. 2 and / or a screen 190. The hinge 49 can be placed between the laser source 146 and the detection device 148 in order to allow the removal of the electronics and the maintenance of the probe 120, without having to move the other components. The screen 190 may be provided near the measuring cell 144 to limit fouling by particles.
    FIG. 7 shows an example of a reference gas source 180, which may be used as a source of reference gas 180 in any of the examples. The reference gas source 180 may include a gas cylinder 185, a triple valve 186, a gas line 187, a button 188, and a pressure measuring instrument 189 such as a pressure gauge or pressure gauge. Many other examples may be provided for distributing a reference gas to any of the exemplary systems.
    Figs. 8, 9 and 10 show a second example of system 210 as well as the method which is used to measure a pollutant component of an exhaust gas in an exhaust passage 212 and is also used to calibrate the system 210 without removing system gas. The second exemplary system 210 is capable of detecting pollution and permits calibration without removing exhaust gas 218 from the system while measurements are made through the stack. This exemplary system 210 includes providing a laser source 222 that emits a beam in the mid-range of the infrared from a first side 214 of the exhaust passage 212 from a chimney source. 220. Cross measurements in the exhaust stack 218 through an exhaust passage 212 can then be made. A detector 240 may be located on a second face 216 of the passage 212 for receiving the beam during a measurement of the presence of the pollutant component in the exhaust gas. The method also includes providing a closed coupled reference cell 224 on the first face 214 of the exhaust passage 212 which is configured to be filled with reference gas during a system calibration. Another step of the method is to operate the laser source 222 to interact the laser beam with the reference gas during calibration of the system. Precision and calibration of the system from at least one constituent of the reference gas laser beam.
    The example of FIG. 8 shows how the measurement of a polluting component of a polluting gas 218 is carried out in the system 210. A measuring beam 232 of the laser source 222 is reflected by a reflecting device 226 in this example to a first detector 240. first detector measures the polluting component of the polluting gases 218. The example of FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 allows the system 210 to be used in a number of environments with varying distances for the exhaust passage 212 due to the measurement and calibration that takes place through the stack or through the exhaust passage 212.
    FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show examples of how a calibration of system 210 is performed. A source 180 of a reference gas 230 is provided and the reference gas 230 is conveyed to the closed-coupled reference cell 224 when a calibration of the system is to be performed. The laser source 222 is used to emit a beam reflecting on a plurality of reflective devices 226. The closed-coupled reference cell 224 may be designed such that a distance 234 from the passage 212 between the first face 214 and the second face 216 is equal to a length 238 that the laser beam passes through the closed-coupled reference cell 224 which is reflected on the number of reflective devices 226. For example, if an exhaust passage 212 of different size is used, either a different number of reflective devices 226 may be used, or the path of the reference beam 236 may be varied such that the length of the selected passageway 212 substantially corresponds to the length 238 of the path of the reference beam 236. Adapting the length of the passage 212 with the length that the laser beam travels through the cell the closed coupling 224 allows improved and more accurate calibration as long as the laser beam has to travel the same distance both in a measuring operation and in a calibration operation.
    The example of FIG. 9 shows by way of example, a way of calibrating the system 210 illustrated in FIG. 8. In this example, the system 210 is calibrated with only a first detector 240. The first detector 240 is used to measure the presence of pollution, as shown in FIG. 8, receives at least one component of the laser beam following the interaction of the beam with the reference gas 230 of FIG. 9 by at least one connection 228 which is a cable, an optical fiber cable, or a wireless communication from the closed-coupled reference cell 224. This example provides the advantage that the same detector is used for the calibration and measurement of pollution of a polluting gas. Using the same detector can reduce the amount of errors in the system to provide more accurate calibration.
    The example of FIG. 10 is another means, for example, of calibrating the system 210 illustrated in FIG. 8. In this example, the system 210 is calibrated by providing a second detector 250 in the closed-coupled reference cell 224. The second detector 250 receives at least one laser beam component following the interaction of the beam with the reference gas 230 during system calibration. The laser beam received on the second detector 250 is compared, during calibration, with the laser beam received on the first detector 240, as shown in FIG. 8, during the measurement of the exhaust gas 218. In one or the other of the examples of FIGS. 9, 10, the closed-coupled reference cell 224 may be shaped such that a distance of the passage 212 between the first face 214 and the second face 216 is substantially equal to a length or distance 234 that the laser beam travels. within the cell the closed coupled reference 224 reflected on the number of reflective devices 226.
    The third example of FIG. 11 includes a method of calibrating a system 310 that detects the presence of a pollutant component in an exhaust 318 within an exhaust passage 312. The exhaust passage 312 includes a portion of Exhaust exhaust 316 in this example, which may be located on a first side 314 of the passage 312. An opening penetrates through a wall 320 of the exhaust passage 312 from the outside of the passageway to the interior of the passageway. A slider bar or other structure may be used to regulate the communication between the interior of the extractive portion 316 of the interior of the wall 320. The method includes the step of conveying the exhaust 318 from the exhaust extraction 316 to a closed-coupled reference cell 324. Another step of the method consists in providing a laser source 322 which emits a beam in the mid-range of the infrared from a first portion 342 of the closed-coupled reference cell 324 for measuring the presence of the pollutant component in the exhaust gas 318. Another step of the method consists in providing a detector 340 on a second portion 344 of the closed-coupled reference cell 324. same closed-coupled reference cell 324 can be filled with reference gas 330 when the user decides to calibrate the system 310. The source Laser 322 is activated to interact with the reference gas 330. The detector 340 within the closed-coupled reference cell 324 receives at least one constituent of the laser beam as a result of the interaction of the beam with the reference gas 330. The accuracy and the calibration of the system 310 are determined from at least one component of the laser beam following the beam interaction with the reference gas 330.
    The third example of system 310 may also include a measurement beam 332 from the source 322 laser which is reflected on a reflecting device 326 to a first detector 340.The first detector 340 measures the pollutant component of the polluting gas 318. A reference beam 336 may be reflected by a plurality of reflecting devices 326 within the closed-coupled reference cell 324. The laser source 322 is used to emit a beam which can be reflected on the plurality of reflective devices 326.
    In addition, various other structures, functions, features and the like could be provided in each of the examples. Each of the examples can be used with the components of FIG. 1. For example, each of the systems 110, 210, 310 may include various elements of the arrangement of FIG. 1 as a hinge 49, a temperature controller of the probe 52, an analysis system 54, or a gas verification unit 60. In addition, various parts of any of the systems, such as the controller 22 of the probe, could have a local display. Such a display could perform functions such as calibration or direct reading. As another example, various parts of the system 10, such as the probe controller 22 or the programmable logic controller 26, could enable data processing, recording, and reporting (e.g., through NetDAHS functions). . As yet another example, it is possible to have data logging or remote data reporting (for example, via an internet connection). In another example, the detection devices 48, 148, or the first detector 240, 340 may include a microprocessor to eliminate the need for an external computer. The probe and other components are designed to withstand the speed of the exhaust that can be about 80 feet / second. The probe 20, 120 in any of the examples may also have an outside diameter of less than 3 inches, to fit within the existing ports. Thus, the examples presented can be used to modernize existing installations. The probe 20, 120 may also include makeup holes or partitions to allow the addition of supply conduits through the flange of the optical zone of the probe 20, 120, where a return of air could be necessary.
    The invention has been described with reference to the embodiments described above. Transformations and modifications will appear obvious to others when reading and understanding this description. For example, multi-component tracking can be accomplished with a stack mounted probe using a single penetration stack and probe optics. Embodiments with one or more aspects of the invention are intended to include all modifications and modifications to the extent that they are within the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    A method of calibrating a system that detects the presence of a pollutant component in an exhaust gas within an exhaust passage, the system comprising a probe operating to detect the polluting component of the gas exhaust system and comprising a measuring cell for in-situ measurement of the exhaust gas and a laser that emits a beam in the mid-infrared range, the system further comprising a detector, the method comprising the following steps :isolate the measuring cell from the exhaust gas probe from the exhaust passage;transporting a reference gas from a source of reference gas to the measuring cell;activate the laser of the probe with the beam directed towards the measuring cell which includes the reference gas, so that the beam interacts with the reference gas;receiving at the detector the laser beam following the interaction of the beam with the reference gas; anddetermining a precision and calibration of the system from at least one component of the laser beam as a result of the interaction of said beam with the reference gas.
    [2]
    The method of calibrating the system of claim 1, wherein the step of isolating the probe measuring cell comprises moving the measuring cell out of the exhaust passage and into a fixed shield for isolating the exhaust gas measuring cell in which a gasket is provided at one end of the measuring cell and the gasket and fixed shield are configured to prevent exhaust gas from entering the measuring cell during system calibration.
    [3]
    The method of calibrating the system according to claim 1, wherein the step of isolating the probe measuring cell comprises moving an inner shield within the probe to a position of the measuring cell. ; and wherein the inner shield prevents exhaust gas from entering the measurement cell during system calibration.
    [4]
    The method of calibrating the system of claim 1, wherein the step of isolating the probe measuring cell comprises moving an inner shield using a power source within the probe to a position of the measuring cell; and wherein the inner shield prevents the exhaust gas from entering the measurement cell during system calibration.
    [5]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the probe comprises a hinge to permit removal of the electronics and maintenance of the probe without having to remove other components.
    [6]
    6. The method of claim 1 wherein the probe comprises a screen near the measuring cell to limit fouling by particles.
    [7]
    7. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser is operated in a frequency range of 4000 to 650 cm <-> <1>.
    [8]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the laser is a quantum cascade laser.
    [9]
    9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of providing the probe comprises providing the probe with a cryogenic cooling system.
    [10]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the step of operating the laser of the probe comprises operating the laser in a pulsed or continuous mode of operation.
    [11]
    11. A method of calibrating a system that detects the presence of a pollutant component of an exhaust gas in an exhaust passage without removing the exhaust gas from the exhaust passage, the system comprising a laser which emits a beam in the mid-range of the infrared from a first side of the exhaust passage and a first detector on a second side of the exhaust passage to receive the beam during a measurement of the presence of a pollutant component in the exhaust gas, the method comprising the following steps:filling a closed coupling reference cell on the first side of the exhaust passage of a reference gas during a calibration of the system;operating the laser to interact the laser beam with the reference gas during calibration of the system;determining a precision and calibration of the system from at least one constituent of the laser beam as a result of the interaction of said beam with the reference gas.
    [12]
    The method according to claim 11, further comprising a step of receiving at the first detector which is used to measure the presence of pollution of the laser beam as a result of the interaction of the beam with the reference gas by at least one of a cable, fiber optic cable, or wireless communication from the closed-coupled reference cell.
    [13]
    The method of claim 11, further comprising the steps of:receiving on a second detector within the closed-coupled reference cell of the laser beam following the interaction of the beam with the reference gas during calibration of the system;comparing the laser beam received at the second detector during the calibration and comparing it with the laser beam received at the first detector when measuring the exhaust gas.
    [14]
    The method of claim 11, wherein the length that the beam passes through in the closed-coupled reference cell is equal to the length of the exhaust passage.
    [15]
    15. A method of calibrating a system that detects the presence of a pollutant component in an exhaust gas within an exhaust passage in which the exhaust passage includes an exhaust portion of exhaust system, the system comprising a closed-coupled reference cell for measuring the presence of the pollutant component in the exhaust gas, said closed-coupled reference cell being located on a first side of the exhaust passage, the system further comprising a laser that emits a beam in the mid-range of the infrared from a first portion of the closed-coupled reference cell and a detector on a second portion of the closed-coupled reference cell for receiving the laser beam, the method comprising:transporting the exhaust gas from the exhaust passage through the exhaust gas extraction portion to the closed coupling reference cell; filling the closed-coupled reference cell with a reference gas for system calibration; actuating the laser to interact with the reference gas; receiving at the detector located in the closed-coupled reference cell of the laser beam following the interaction of the beam with the reference gas;determining the accuracy and calibration of the system from at least one component of the laser beam as a result of the interaction of said beam with the reference gas.
    [16]
    The method of claim 15, wherein the length that the beam passes through the closed-coupled cell is equal to the length of the exhaust passage.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    IT1403405B1|2013-10-17|
    CH702326A2|2011-06-15|
    CA2724597A1|2011-06-09|
    US20110132063A1|2011-06-09|
    ITTO20100974A1|2011-06-10|
    US9377397B2|2016-06-28|
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    法律状态:
    2016-01-29| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: THE BABCOCK AND WILCOX COMPANY, US Free format text: FORMER OWNER: BABCOCK AND WILCOX POWER GENERATION GROUP, INC., US |
    2017-07-31| PL| Patent ceased|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/633,862|US9377397B2|2009-12-09|2009-12-09|Calibration system and method of using mid-IR laser measure and monitor exhaust pollutant|
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